Evaluation of miR-15a, miR-16-1, ZAP-70, Ang-2, and Bcl-2 as potential prognostic biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a blood cancer characterized by the accumulation of clonal B-lymphocytes. This study evaluated the mRNA gene expression of miR-15a, miR-16- 1, ZAP-70, and Ang-2 by qPCR, as well as the plasma levels of Bcl-2 by Elisa immunoassay, in CLL patients and healthy controls. Significant differences were observed when comparing patients and controls regarding miR-15a (p < 0.001), miR-16-1 (p < 0.001) mRNA, Ang-2 gene expression, and Bcl-2 plasma levels (p < 0.001). When stratified by risk, differences were maintained with a significantly reduced expression in high-risk patients. A positive correlation was observed between miR-15a and platelets (R2 = 0.340; p = 0.009) as well as between Bcl-2 and leukocytes (R2 = 0.310; p = 0.019). Conversely, negative correlations were observed between ZAP-70 and platelets (R2 = - 0.334; p = 0.011), between miR-15a and lymphocytes (R2 = - 0.376; p = 0.004), as well as between miR-16-and lymphocytes (R2 = - 0.515; p = 0.00004). The data suggest that a reduction in miR-15a and miR-16-1 expressions, in addition to an overexpression of Bcl-2, are associated with the reduction in apoptosis and, consequently, to a longer survival of lymphocytes, thus contributing to lymphocyte accumulation and aggravation of the disease. By contrast, Ang-2 expression was significantly higher in A than in B + C Binet groups. This context leads to the speculation that this biomarker should be investigated in more robust studies within populations with a still relevantly indolent form of the disease in an attempt to identify those patients with a greater potential for an aggravation of the disease

Experiência multiprofissional na investigação de infecção por Toxocara spp em crianças atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde / Experiência multiprofissional na investigação de infecção por Toxocara spp em crianças atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde

A toxocaríase é uma doença causada geralmente pela ingestão acidental de ovos larvados de Toxocara canis e/ou Toxocara cati, acometendo principalmente crianças. Esses ovos larvados permanecem viáveis por longos períodos no ambiente. Objetivou-se detectar focos de Toxocara spp a partir da análise do local habitado por crianças diagnosticadas com a doença em 2012 e 2013 em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Os responsáveis pelos pacientes foram entrevistados e foram coletadas amostras de solo dos domicílios para pesquisa de ovos de Toxocara spp. pelo método de Faust. Também foi realizada entrevista com as pediatras responsáveispela notificação e tratamento na suspeição do diagnóstico de Larva Migrans Visceral (LMV). As famílias tinham características socioeconômicas semelhantes, viviam em lotes multifamiliares e em 100% dos casos havia contato com cães filhotes e adultos. Verificou-se presença de fezes caninas expostas em locais de risco, sem recolhimento diário, e as crianças diagnosticadas tinham contato diário com essas áreas, não eram orientadas quanto à higiene das mãos e alimentos crus eram lavados apenas com água. Havia ovos infectantes viáveis de Toxocara spp. em 100% das amostras coletadas. Mesmo sob tratamento, no período do estudo, não houve mudança nos fatores de risco ambientais, nem desverminação de algum cão após o diagnóstico nas crianças. Foram propostas atividades de educação em saúde sobre este tema, sob forma de cartilhas direcionadas para a população e para os profissionais de saúde. Este trabalho proporcionou aos participantes do PET-Saúde ampla visão sobre os desafios do trabalho multiprofissional no SUS na intervenção de uma importante zoonose.

Toxocariasis is a disease that mainly affects children and is generally caused by the accidental ingestion of Toxocara canis and/or Toxocara cati embryonated eggs. These embryonated eggs remain viable for long periods in the environment. This study aimed at detecting outbreaks of Toxocara spp by analyzing places inhabited by children who had been diagnosedwith the disease in 2012 and 2013, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The patients? guardians were interviewed, and soil samples were collected from their households to survey the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs through the method of Faust. The patients? pediatricians, who notified and treated the suspected cases with a diagnosis of (LMV), were also interviewed. All interviewed families had similar socio-economic characteristics, lived in multi-family lots, and had contact with puppies and adult dogs. The presence of exposed canine feces, which were not collected daily, was observed in places of risk; the diagnosed children had daily contact with these areas and were not oriented with regard to hand hygiene; in addition, raw food was washed with water only. Infective viable eggs of Toxocara spp. were detected in 100% of collected samples.Changes in environmental risk factors or dog deworming were not executed even after the diagnosed children were placed under treatment, during the study period. Health education activities on this topic were proposed with the use of booklets directed to the population and health professionals. This study provided ample insight to PET-Health participants into the challenges of multi-professional work in the SUS about intervention on an important zoonosis.